Este texto tiene por objeto examinar las condiciones legales, el contexto y las consecuencias de que el Poder Judicial y la magistratura se hayan constituido en actores políticos.
La conquête démocratique de l'Etat fédéral par un parti politique fondé en 1980 sur une triple base, syndicale, catholique progressiste et socialiste, signifie au minimum l'arrivée au pouvoir de dirigeants qui voient dans le libéralisme imposé une idéologie visant à légitimer l'approfondissement des inégalités tant internes qu'internationales. Si le nouveau gouvernement, qui a pris ses fonctions en janvier 2003, s'emploie dans un premier temps à maintenir, voire améliorer, les grands équilibres macro-économiques, les premières mesures montrent son choix de relancer la croissance économique en élargissant la demande intérieure "par le bas".
Análisis político institucional del dilema de la gobernabilidad, entendido como los retos y dificultades a los que se enfrentan los partidos progresistas de masas cuando ejercen el poder estatal. El autor toma como ejemplos paradigmáticos los dos gobiernos de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva en Brasil (de 2003 a 2006 y de 2007 a 2010), así como su relación con el Partido de los Trabajadores (PT). Analiza cómo un partido político caracterizado por su agenda radical progresista de redistribución socioeconómica y democracia participativa, una vez que llega al poder, puede adoptar una política económica ortodoxa, formar alianzas legislativas con partidos conservadores, alterar su relación con los movimientos sociales y relegar la agenda participativa a los márgenes, en beneficio del partido, logrando el apoyo internacional y aplicando políticas sociales progresistas.
Comparing Germany’s and Brazil’s government perspectives, Sybille Roehrkasten reveals that the ideas on global renewable energy governance are highly contested. In her study, the author sheds light on the politics behind the definition of global governance issues, focusing on two pioneers in the worldwide promotion of renewables and two decisive players in this emergent area of global cooperation. She demonstrates that ideas about problems and solutions in transboundary policy-making differ widely and that these differences are caused by the decision makers’ policy contexts and self-interests. The differences concern key aspects in global governance on renewables, such as global challenges to be addressed, favored renewables options, barriers to renewables promotion and tasks for cooperation.
Entre 2015 y 2020, América Latina ha tenido que lidiar con la desaceleración económica de los modelos neoextractivistas, el estancamiento de la reducción de la pobreza y de la desigualdad, la creciente rivalidad entre Estados Unidos y China, además de la cada vez mayor insatisfacción de la sociedad civil con las promesas de las democracias -con frecuentes derivas autocráticas-, que han sido minadas por la corrupción o por la violencia. Con este pasado reciente en mente, este libro ofrece los aportes de veintitrés académicos de varios rincones del continente que identifican ciclos y entreciclos socioeconómicos y políticos, para entender los resultados y los desafíos de una modernización regional inacabada. El primer cuarto del siglo xxI finaliza con el agotamiento de la ola rosa, el descrédito de las promesas de las nuevas derechas o las vías intermedias y, principalmente, con una pandemia que fuerza a reformular el lugar de América Latina en el mundo y viceversa, mediante la puesta a prueba de herencias y proyectos compartidos
A definitive resource for understanding such far-reaching and often interconnected crimes as cyber theft, drug trafficking, human smuggling, identity theft, wildlife poaching, and sex tourism. While many international corporations have benefited from the global economy and distribution of information, globalization has also had serious negative consequences. This important reference work offers students and general readers a critical understanding of how technology, governments, political unrest, war, and economic strife contribute to an increase in global crime. This A–Z encyclopedia covers key people, events, and organizations and includes key documents that will help readers to understand the numerous problems created by the many transnational crimes that are growing in severity and frequency around the world. Entries address perpetrators and their methods; victims; who really profits; and law enforcement responses. In addition to cyber theft and sales of weapons and narcotics, the set provides a detailed look at global crimes not typically covered, such as corruption, fraudulent medicine, illegal sports betting, organ trafficking, maritime piracy, trafficking in cultural...
The author examines Brazil's emerging role as an important actor in various sectors of global governance. By exploring how Brazil's exercise of power developed over the last decade in the sectors of health, food security and bioenergy, this book sheds light on the power strategies of an emerging country from the global south.
In the Brazilian planning region “Amazônia Legal”, deforestation of rain forests for the extraction of mineral resources, cattle breeding, soybean farming, transport infrastructure and hydropower plants was carried out without regard for the indigenous people and regional socio-ecological vulnerability. The implementation of damaging mega-programmes caused disastrous environmental problems. Large-scale destruction of biodiversity, rising temperatures and instability of precipitation not only pose a threat to the region, but also have global impacts on climate change. Over the last two decades, parts of Amazônia Legal have evolved from a CO2 sink to a source of CO2 emissions.
Since the Great Recession in 2008, the world has been going through a crisis of democracy that is changing the way we think about politics and society. Nowadays, it is ever more apparent that democracies have limitations and are susceptible to decline. This decline occurred with the expansion of powers of prime ministers and presidents, the increasing hostility against political opponents, the rise of ultra-right parties, and the growing political polarization. This book offers a fresh analysis of countries that have witnessed democratic decline such as Brazil, Mexico, Nigeria, Poland, and Spain. It also looks at examples of democratic innovations such as the use of digital politics (in Brazil and Hungary), the establishment of "democratic schools" (in Israel), the implementation of parenting norms (in Norway), and the response to domestic violence (in Germany and Iran). In addition, the book helps us learn more about how religion, the party system, and the growth of renewable resources affect democratic politics.
This edition is fully updated and contains more information and analysis than ever before. A foldout colour section provides a political world map and flags for all 193 countries. Each copy comes with online access to the full text at no extra cost. Unlimited-user upgrades are also available for libraries who wish to network the data.
Organización y funcionamiento interno de los partidos políticos en América Latina / Manuel Alcántara Sáez / - Argentina : unión cívica radical (UCR) -Partido justicialista (pj) / Laura Escudero / - Brasil : Partido democrático trabalhista (PDT) - Partido del movimiento democrático brasilero (PMDB) - Partidos de los trabajadores (PT) / Carlos Enrique Guzmán Mendoza / - Chile : renovación nacional (RN) - Partido por la democracia- Partido socialista de Chile / Inés Picazo Verdejo / - Paraguay : Partido liberal radical auténtico - Asociación nacional republicana (Partido colorado) / Ana Isabel Hernández sánchez / - Uruguay : Partido colorado - Partido nacional / Elena Martínez Barahona.
A Financial Times Book to Read in 2022 Operation Car Wash is the inside story of two Brazilian Federal Police officers who found themselves at the centre of the biggest corruption scandal in history; uncovering a web of political and corporate racketeering which would lead them all the way to the arrest and imprisonment of the nation's President. Through engrossing first-hand testimony, Pontes and Anselmo recount the uphill battle faced by the Federal Police in apprehending Brazil's white-collar criminals, in a country where the war on drugs has become a convenient distraction for the politicians and businessmen extracting billions of dollars from the public purse. A historical record that reads like a political police thriller, Operation Car Wash is also a warning to the world: demonstrating how easily institutionalized crime can take root in a nation, and how difficult it can be to eradicate.
L’influence des partis politiques sur le fonctionnement des systèmes politiques a été largement soulignée. Mais on a moins insisté sur l’influence inverse : celle des systèmes politiques sur les partis. C’est ainsi que dans les systèmes présidentiels ou semi-présidentiels, les partis politiques sont profondément influencés par le rôle central de l’élection du président au suffrage universel direct ou indirect et par un processus de personnalisation du pouvoir. Il est donc important de mettre l’accent plus précisément sur les relations entre le président et son parti avant et après les élections. Pour mesurer l’autonomie laissée au parti présidentiel à partir d’une approche comparative, 42 partis dans 25 pays dotés d’un système présidentiel ou semi-présidentiel ont été choisis, ce qui permet de souligner les différences des caractéristiques de partis entre les systèmes démocratiques et les systèmes autoritaires.
La corrupción devasta América Latina cual ciclón: Todos los gobiernos latinoamericanos, progresistas y neoliberales, son arrasados por crecientes denuncias que llegan hasta el más alto poder político. Sin embargo, pese a la creciente difusión de estas noticias, pocos son los análisis profundos de este fenómeno político. La sociedad necesita conocer más sobre esta cuestión, sus entretelones, causas y orígenes. Por eso es importante abrir debates serios y profundos, como los que propone, con mucha lucidez, Eduardo Gudynas en este libro. El autor encuentra y desmenuza explicaciones estructurales y de fondo a la corrupción, estrechamente atadas a los extractivismos: minero, petrolero, agrario y forestal. Tanto, que si pudiéramos escribir una historia de los extractivismos, iría a la par con la historia de la corrupción. Y la lógica de estos siameses se caracteriza por el autoritarismo y la violencia, rasgos perniciosos para los pueblos y la Naturaleza. Tanto la violencia como la corrupción son condiciones necesarias de los extractivismos y no solo consecuencias de los mismos. Existen fuertes y perversos vínculos de retroalimentación entre todos estos procesos. Y...
As the single most populous nation in Africa, Nigeria recently overtook South Africa as the largest economy on the continent. Natural resources, oil and gas in particular, comprise the country’s single largest revenue-earner but the 170m person economy also has seen significant activity in recent years into the industrial, financial, telecoms and – as of 2013 – power sectors. Hydrocarbons reserves have traditionally attracted the vast majority of domestic and foreign investment in Nigeria. Oil production capacity has remained at roughly 2.5m barrels per day (bpd) since the start of 2000, although output fell to 2.2m bpd on average in 2012. Still, the country has long operated below its true potential and government efforts in recent years have sought to increase local value addition, by boosting refining capacity and minimising theft and bunkering. The country’s banking sector has been through a significant shake-up as well, resulting in a far healthier and more robust financial industry, while reforms in the telecoms and agricultural sectors have strengthened medium-term prospects.
¿Cuál es el rol de la banca de desarrollo? ¿Qué intereses se esconden detrás de la negociación entre gobiernos y bancos multilaterales al momento de aprobar operaciones de crédito? ¿Los bancos de desarrollo imponen sus cosmovisiones? ¿Influye la orientación política de los gobiernos? Christian Asinelli indaga en tres instituciones multilaterales —BID, Banco Mundial y CAF, Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina—, en diez países de América Latina —Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela—, en la orientación política del gobierno —pro Estado/pro mercado— y en la tipología de los créditos —de inversión o de ajuste—, para entender el comportamiento de bancos y gobiernos al encarar proyectos con financiamiento internacional. Para explicar los vaivenes, aciertos y desaciertos de ese vínculo, el autor recurre a su conocimiento de primera mano del objeto de estudio, en tanto funcionario público del Estado argentino y de organismos internacionales, como a su formación académica en el campo de la Ciencia Política; de hecho, la base del análisis que aquí presenta proviene de la investigación para su...
Now in its 147th edition, The Statesman's Yearbook continues to be the reference work of choice for accurate and reliable information on every country in the world. Covering political, economic, social and cultural aspects, the Yearbook is an essential resource.
'the most convenient and reliable starting point for information on public affairs' - George J. Mitchell, US Senator. Each copy comes with FREE online access to www.statesmansyearbook.com . Site license upgrades are also available for libraries who wish to network the data. New this year: a chronology of the 'credit crunch.'
This vast three-volume Encyclopedia offers more than 4000 entries on all aspects of the dynamic and exciting contemporary cultures of Latin America and the Caribbean. Its coverage is unparalleled with more than 40 regions discussed and a time-span of 1920 to the present day. "Culture" is broadly defined to include food, sport, religion, television, transport, alongside architecture, dance, film, literature, music and sculpture. The international team of contributors include many who are based in Latin America and the Caribbean making this the most essential, authoritative and authentic Encyclopedia for anyone studying Latin American and Caribbean studies. Key features include: * over 4000 entries ranging from extensive overview entries which provide context for general issues to shorter, factual or biographical pieces * articles followed by bibliographic references which offer a starting point for further research * extensive cross-referencing and thematic and regional contents lists direct users to relevant articles and help map a route through the entries * a comprehensive index provides further guidance.
La oleada de gobiernos de izquierda que caracterizó a América Latina y el Caribe desde finales del siglo XX conformó un mapa geopolítico adverso a los intereses del sector público-privado estadounidense en la región. Para cambiar la correlación de fuerzas ha entrado en escena el lawfare o guerra judicial, un mecanismo aparentemente democrático y ajustado a derecho, por elque socavar el poder, la imagen y las posibilidades de reelección de los líderes de la izquierda. Poco se habla, sin embargo, del origen del lawfare como una estrategia de carácter militar, encuadrada en una guerra de amplio espectro, hoy denominada guerra híbrida, que busca, mediante la combinación de operaciones judiciales, mediáticas, políticas o económicas, la reconfiguración de la geopolítica hemisférica. Si en décadas precedentes los golpesde Estado clásicos sirvieron para impedir que la izquierda gobernante desplegara su agenda política desde las instituciones o, incluso, llegara a ocuparlas, hoy el lawfare ejerce una mismafunción, pero amparándose en la legalidad y manteniendo las apariencias democráticas. Asistimos, entonces, a la paradójica demolición del Estado de derecho en...
Experts believe that Brazil, the world’s fifth largest country and its seventh largest economy, will be one of the most important global powers by the year 2030. Yet far more attention has been paid to the other rising behemoths Russia, India, and China. Often ignored and underappreciated, Brazil, according to renowned, award-winning journalist Michael Reid, has finally begun to live up to its potential, but faces important challenges before it becomes a nation of substantial global significance. After decades of military rule, the fourth most populous democracy enjoyed effective reformist leadership that tamed inflation, opened the country up to trade, and addressed poverty and other social issues, enabling Brazil to become more of an essential participant in global affairs. But as it prepares to host the 2014 soccer World Cup and 2016 Olympics, Brazil has been rocked by mass protest. This insightful volume considers the nation’s still abundant problems—an inefficient state, widespread corruption, dysfunctional politics, and violent crime in its cities—alongside its achievements to provide a fully rounded portrait of a vibrant country about to take a commanding position...
Comment interpréter la victoire de Luis Inacio " Lula " da Silva aux élections présidentielles et la progression générale du Parti des travailleurs dans les différents scrutins d'octobre 2002 ? Les Brésiliens ont-ils soudainement pris conscience du risque de voir se reproduire chez eux le séisme économique et social qui a jeté leurs voisins argentins dans une misère jusque-là impensable ? Le recul du pouvoir d'achat des classes moyennes brésiliennes depuis 1999 suffit-il à expliquer leur ralliement à la candidature de Lula ? La conquête démocratique de l'État fédéral par un parti politique fondé en 1980 sur une triple base, syndicale, catholique progressiste et socialiste, signifie au minimum l'arrivée au pouvoir de dirigeants qui volent dans le libéralisme imposé une idéologie visant à légitimer l'approfondissement des inégalités tant internes qu'internationales. Si le nouveau gouvernement, qui a pris ses fonctions en janvier 2003, s'emploie dans un premier temps à maintenir, voire améliorer, les grands équilibres macro-économiques, les premières mesures montrent son choix de relancer la croissance économique en élargissant la demande...
"El Diccionario General del Zulia es por mucho el libro de Historia del Zulia más importante publicado, después de la Historia de Juan Besson. Su contribución al genero biográfico es única en Venezuela y su aporte bibliohemerográfico de la zulianidad no tiene parangón, sino en los trabajos de Germán Cardozo Galué y Patricia Pineda. En este libro está resumida y presentada de forma práctica toda la historia del Zulia y se proyecta en ella a los próceres civiles de nuestro futuro. Es un acervo bibliográfico que marca un antes y un después en la investigación historiográfica, periodística y artística de todo el Occidente del país. Nuestro libro fundamental, en muchos sentidos". "En el más puro y exigente quehacer intelectual y tradición del Zulia, Luis Guillermo Hernández y Jesús Ángel Parra ofrecen al país esta monumental, erudita y útil obra de consulta". Germán Cardozo Galué "El Zulia Plural, nombre original de este proyecto desde hace más de veintitrés años, hoy denominado Diccionario General del Zulia por decisión del curador y de la institución editora, es el producto de un extenso proceso de investigación sobre personajes, hechos,...
In Brazil’s International Activism Monika Sawicka questions how Brazil’s deep-rooted craving for greatness has led to the quest for status in the twenty-first century and contends that the categorization of Brazil as an “emerging middle power” enriches the understanding of modern Brazilian foreign policy. Drawing on the rich vocabulary of role theory, Sawicka sets out to establish an original theoretical framework that comprises the structural (status), the behavioral (role), and the cognitive-ideational (identity) to assess whether Brazil has performed roles distinguishing a middle power and how the state has reconceptualized them. The model is applied to scrutinize how ideational and material drivers impacted Brazil’s engagement as an integrator in Latin America, donor in Africa, mediator in the Middle East, and coalition-builder of developing states in global fora. Despite recent criticism of the concept of “emerging middle powers”, Sawicka argues that Brazil’s international activism stands as a precise embodiment of such a power. With an aim of theory development and contributing to the debate on Brazil’s international standing, Brazil’s International...
Now in its 160th edition, The Statesman's Yearbook continues to be the reference work of choice for accurate and reliable information on every country in the world. Covering political, economic, social and cultural aspects, the Yearbook is also available online for subscribing institutions.
¿Cuáles son los posibles rumbos de las izquierdas? ¿Cuáles son los caminos para una lucha unida internacional? En su nuevo libro, el sociólogo Boaventura de Sousa Santos realiza una revisión crítica del interregno global posterior a la crisis del 2008, centra su reflexión en la escena política y las fuerzas de izquierda de determinados países y, a partir de ahí, plantea cuestiones de fondo que remiten a escalas temporales de mediano y largo plazo. El desmantelamiento de la democracia en Brasil, las dificultades del proceso de paz en Colombia, la crisis institucional en México, los desafíos de las izquierdas en España y la actual experiencia portuguesa son las coyunturas que analiza.
The Political Handbook of the World 2024–2025 is the most authoritative and comprehensive reference guide available for understanding the political landscape of every nation and territory across the globe. This updated edition features more than 200 entries, offering detailed coverage of governmental structures, political parties, and current leadership. Known for its unmatched depth, the volume provides in-depth analysis of both major and minor political parties and movements, and delivers timely insights into recent controversies, political crises, and key events from the past two years. This edition also includes up-to-date listings of ambassadors, international organization memberships, and expanded profiles of over 30 intergovernmental organizations and UN agencies. Trusted by researchers, analysts, journalists, and students, this resource continues to deliver essential, reliable political data and analysis.
Democracy and Brazil: Collapse and Regression discusses the de-democratization process underway in contemporary Brazil. The relative political stability that characterized domestic politics in the 2000s ended with the sudden emergence of a series of massive protests in 2013, followed by the controversial impeachment of Dilma Rousseff in 2016 and the election of Jair Bolsonaro in 2018. In this new, more conservative period in Brazilian politics, a series of institutional reforms deepened the distance between citizens and representatives. Brazil's current political crisis cannot be understood without reference to the continual growth of right-wing and ultra-right discourse, on the one hand, and to the neoliberal ideology that pervades the minds of large parts of the Brazilian elite, on the other. Twenty experts on Brazil across different fields discuss the ongoing political turmoil in the light of distinct problems: geopolitics, gender, religion, media, indigenous populations, right-wing strategies, and new forms of coup, among others. Updated analyses enriched with historical perspective help to illuminate the intricate issues that will determine the country's fate in years to...
As populism grows across global democracies, the integration of new technologies has significantly amplified the use of propaganda techniques and the spread of fake news. Tools like social media and artificial intelligence (AI) make digital technologies privileged vehicles for populist communication. Due to the use of fallacies, propaganda is confused with fake news, though these techniques are broader and based on political strategies to manipulate public opinion. With the advent of new technologies and the ever-increasing incorporation of AI into social life, political parties are facing a form of two-way communication without intermediaries, meaning they can directly reach and influence the public with reduced costs. Understanding the social impact of digital propaganda may help foster political literacy among civil society. Digital Populism and the Use of Neo-Propaganda and Fake News explores various populist parties, aiming to identify and understand their use of propaganda and fake news. It provides a comprehensive, global vision of populism in different nations and examines the communication strategies based on propaganda and disinformation. Covering topics such as social...
This book looks at what actors in complex policy environments actually do to get new institutions off the ground. The story told has a multiplicity of protagonists, many of whom are normally invisible in political studies, such as the state officials and university professors who struggled to move water reform forward. The book explores the interaction between their efforts to influence the design and passage of new legislation and the hard labor of creating the new water management organizations the laws called for.
Lava Jato and the Crisis In this controversial and surprising book: Geopolitics of Intervention, lawyer and political scientist Fernando Augusto Fernandes dismantles the story that Operation Car Wash was (and still is) an unsuspected investigation to combat the crimes of corrupt politicians and prominent corrupt business people. Its primary purpose was to destabilize the PT government, hit the democratic system, destroy national engineering, weaken the oil and gas program, and facilitate the looting of national wealth. All to create the conditions needed for a right-wing liberal government, which ended up resulting in the election of an underdog and the most signifi cant political, economic, social, and health crisis ever experienced by the country.
Este libro que se ofrece al lector, es producto del trabajo realizado entre los años 2016 y 2018, en el contexto del proyecto de investigación Fondecyt Regular, cuyo tirulo es Planes sociales de empleo y protección social para la (desigualdad: los casos de Brasil, Chile y Venezuela (2005-2013). Ello permitió invitar a distintos intelectuales y expertos a reflexionar acerca de los Modelos de Desarrollo en América Latina, en función de sus apuestas, tensiones y desafíos. Nos interesó centrar la preocupación en la visibilidad y análisis de la relación entre ideología, modelos de desarrollo y políticas públicas-sociales del Estado para los países y la región, porque en Latinoamérica, desde el 2000 en adelante, diversos gobiernos se propusieron impulsar políticas alternativas al modelo de desarrollo neoliberal, inaugurando el ’ciclo progresista" en la región bajo lo que se definió como Neodesarrollismo, Socialismo del Siglo XXI y/o del Buen Vivir.
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